Measurement, evaluation and minimization of CO2, NO , and CO emissions in the open time dependent vehicle routing problem
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Emissions Minimization Vehicle Routing Problem
Environmental, social and political pressures to limit the impacts associated with green house gas (GHG) emissions are mounting rapidly. To date there has been no or limited research which seeks to reduce emissions as the primary objective of a routing problem despite the fast growth and high impact of commercial vehicles. In the capacitated vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW), it...
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The travel times among demand points are strongly influenced by traffic in a supply chain. Due to this fact, the service times for customers are variable. For this reason, service time is often changes over a time interval in a real environment. In this paper, a time-dependent periodic green vehicle routing problem (VRP) considering the time windows for serving the customers and multiple trip i...
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There is extensive literature related to vehicle emissions, and several laboratory and field methods are available for estimating vehicle emissions rates (1). Research indicates that CO2 is the predominant transportation GHG and is emitted in direct proportion to fuel consumption, with a variation by type of fuel (2). For most vehicles, fuel consumption and the rate of CO2 per mile traveled dec...
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Environmental pollution and emissions, along with the increasing production and distribution of goods, have placed the future of humanity at stake. Today, measures such as the extensive reduction in emissions, especially of CO2 and CO, have been emphasized by most researchers as a solution to the problem of environmental protection. This paper sought to explore production routing pro...
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The competitive vehicle routing problem is one of the important issues in transportation area. In this paper a new method for competitive VRP with time windows and stochastic demand is introduced. In the presented method a three time bounds are given and the probability of arrival time between each time bound is assumed to be uniform. The demands of each customer are different in each time wind...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Measurement
سال: 2016
ISSN: 0263-2241
DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2016.04.043